1863 to 1865 Federal Government, Army and Navy direct orders
1730 Henry Rifles, about the half marked C.G.C. (for inspector Charles G. Chapman)
in serial number range as from 3000.
Product
From Hunt rifle to Winchester. See the whole story.
Hunt, Walter
Arrowsmith, George A.
Jennings, Lewis
Palmer, Courtland
Robbins & Lawrence
Henry, Benjamin Tyler
Wesson, Daniel B.
Smith, Horace
Smith & Jennings
Smith & wesson
Volcanic Repeating Arms
New Haven Arms Co.
Winchester
The company started to produce the Volcanic firearms in May 1857 but turned out finished
arms only 18 month later, means Novembre 1858. The company offered two calibers called
Number One in .30 and Number Two in .40 caliver. These first arms had some radical defects
and further production stopped for further two years. This was also partly due to the fact
that the company started to produce for a party in New York 3000 John Walch. 31 caliber
10 shot revolvers, patented Feb. 8, 1859. Production costs were calculated at US$ 8000
and these guns would bring up to US$ 26.000 in sale but the counterparty failed to respond.
This resultet into a lawsuite. In 1863 125 of these Walch revolvers were sold but 80 of them
were returned.
From April to July 1861 the company produced the needed tools and fixtures for marking their
improved Volcanic rifle. The first production of the improved rifle was already in July 1861.
From the beginning of the company until October 1862 the company was never lucrative and
accumulated a indebtedness of $ 78.000 which exceeded the assets of the companey.
The first Henry rifle in . 44 caliber rimfire was redy for public sale on July 1, 1862.
The company contracted with John W. Brown, Columbus, Ohio to act as the general agent. His
sale agent William C. Stanton assisted by George D. Prentice, Luisville Journal, was quite
successful in the Louisville, Kentucky region. Stanton later became sale agent for the Louisville
region. By mid September 1862 280 of the sold 900 Henry rifels had gone to Prentice.
As in September 1862 Louisville was expected to be taken by the Confederates, Prentice did a
panic sale of these rifels below costs. Prentice's account was closed in consequence. Some
of these guns came into the hands of the Confederate 1st Kentucky Cavalry, C.S.A. Their serial
number was within the range of 100 to 300.
In October 1862 the company was faced to a short of barrels as well as other parts of their
rifle. In consequence only very fiew guns were delivered to dealers and as the company was only
able to produce about 200 guns a month the request for it was quickly larger than their
monthly production capability.
Besides, the Henry's were for dealers US$ 28 and their price was US$ 40. In November the company
raised its retail prices. In consequence dealers required US$ 42 for it. Cartrides were at
US$ 17.50 for 1000 rounds.
In November 1862 B. Kittredge & Co, Cincinnati would sel Henry rifels but O. Winchester refused.
O. Winchester critized Kittredge for "ambition to monopolize sale and in consequence to drive
goods out of the market".
Expecting Navy orders Winchester ordered to produce 200 to 300 iron frame rifles. However neither
the Navy nor the Army ordered guns.
By end of 1962 the State of Kentucky ordered 200 Henty rifles to arm two full companies of the
12th Kentucky Cavalry at US$ 34 per gun. But soon after this order was redued on only 80. Whereas
60 were already shiped Winchester shiped another 60 by end of the year, insisting that at leased
104 of these guns were guaranteed for Captain James M. wilsons Company M. 12th Kentucky Cavalry.
This company was fully equippted with Henry's in 1863. Serial number range would be between
650 to 800. The remaining 16 guns were for offered for public sale.
By January 1863 about 1500 Henry's were produced at about 200/month rate. Besides, in 1863 the
New Haven Arms Co. cartridge factory for the .44 Henry cartride was blown up accidentally.
Therefore the company sufferd to sell Henry arms to the Government.
By mid 1863 240 Henry'S were ordered by the Government. However, the New Haven Arms Company
was unable to response. 80 where shiped to the Washington Arsenal in
june 1863. Serial number range 2100 to 2300. 50 more, serial number range 1300 t0 2100 were delivered by the company's general dealer, John W. Brown a little later. The remaining 110,
serial number range 2300 to 2600 where delivered by end July 1963. All of these guns
where intended for the Lafayette C. Baker's cavalry known as Baker's Mounted Rangers which
became the 1st District of Columbia Cavalry. Later in the year this company got 60 more
Henry's in the serial number range 1300 to 2999. This clearly shows that the company was
so short in Henry's that they collected them from their sale agents.
In order to increase government sale, O. Winchester negociated with Colt for the production of
40000 Henry's at 50 made a day in 1863. These guns would be in a lager 1 1/2 inch .44 Henry cartridge which would contain 30 instead of 26 grains of powder. None was made.
In 1864 800 Henry's were ordered by the Government all where made in the serial number range of
3000 to 4000. 783 of them were issued to the 1st D.C. Cavalry in March 1864.
Early 1864 about 250 of the Henry guns saw use within the 66th Illinoise Infantry also
known as Birge's Western Sharpshooters. Identified are the following guns with serial
number 147, 213, 1497, 1606, 1614, 1639, 1673, 1692, 2274, 2287, 2523, 2545, 2575, 2582,
2637, 2637, 2688 and 2900.
New Haven Arms Company Models
Only .30 or .40 caliber "Volcanics" were made but very often the caliber is stated as
.31 or .41 because of the "loading ball" which was slightly larger than the bore.
Number One is .30 caliver, with 4" and 6" barrel. The 4" is measuring one-half inch
short of the designation.
.30 caliber volcanic cartridge, Number 1 lever action, magazine load pistol, 3 1/2" barrel
.30 caliber volcanic cartridge, Number 1 lever action, magazine load pistol,
3 1/2" barrel
.30 caliber volcanic cartridge, Number 1 lever action, magazine load pistol,
6" barrel
Number two is .40 caliver, with 6" and 8" barrel and were offered with detachable
shoulder stock
.40 caliber volcanic cartridge, Number 2 lever action, magazine load pistol,
6" barrel
.40 caliber volcanic cartridge, Number 2 lever action, magazine load pistol,
8" barrel with shoulder stock
.40 caliber volcanic cartridge, Number 2 lever action, magazine load pistol,
16" barrel with shoulder stock
.41 caliber volcanic cartridge, "Navy" lever action, magazine load pistol,
8" barrel (I suppose the caliber information is wrong and it is a .40 caliber)
The New Haven Arms "Volcanics" were numbered from 1 up to over 3200. Barrels
are marked
PATENT. FEB. 14 1854
NEW HAVEN, CONN.
Variations in barrel marking occure but less frequently than on Volcanic
Repeating Arms Co. made guns.
Henry, B. Tyler began experiments concerning various improvements on the
New Haven Arms.
Henry Rifle
.44 Henry rimfire caliber, 1st Model Henry Lever Action Rifle,
marked HENRY'S PATENT. OCT. 16.1869/MANUFACTD BY THE NEW HAVEN
ARMS CO. NEW HAVEN.CT.
Manufactured from 1860 to 1866 however, no commercial offer was made until 1862.
10901 - 14000 same serial number range as the 1866 Model
The total production is estimaded at 12850 items and the regular production would have
ended only in 1867.
The highest reported number for a Henry is serial number 14262.
It is believed that the early production of 1860 and 1861 was with iron frame
(about 300 to 400 iron frames - others says only about 200). Thereafter the rifles were made with
brass frame.
To my knowledge there are actually 85 iron frame Henry Rifles reported with serial
numbers 2 to 355 highest.
However there are some doubts about the early production.
Either the brass frame models started again with number 1 or, brass and iron frame were made within
the same serial number range and this are human errors in numbering some rifles or, numbering of the
very early production of the Henry was not really important as Henry's were not offered before 1862.
Many thanks to a visitor who informed me about two of his guns a 101 iron and a 359 brass
frame Henry.
The owner of several Henry's could be revealed. The numbers are
1 Edwin M. Stanton
6 this one was presented to President Abraham Lincoln, engraved and gold plated,
7 W.T. Moyers, Atlanta, Gorgia
9 Gideon Wells, Sec. of the Navy,
14 S, Hodgson
19 Geo D. Prentice, Louisville, Kentucky
147 (iron) used by J. Marshall, G Company, 66th Illinois Infrantry,
165 (iron) 5th Tenn. Cav, July 27, 1862,
213 J. W. Schuessler, 66th Ill. Birge's Sharpshooters
287 William S. Skelton, lieutenant, E Company, Stirmans 1st Arkansas Cavalry, CSA,
324 returned to the factory for repair by John W. Brown, agent, Columbus, Ohio,
325 Col. N.P. Chipman/maj. Gen,
359 returned to the factory for repair by John W. Brown, agent, Columbus, Ohio,
391 returned to the factory for repair by John W. Brown, agent, Columbus, Ohio,
467 Robert S. denee, Ontario,
504 F. W. Binger, Salt Creek, Nebraska,
562 L.L. (Louisville Legion or 5th Kentucky Infantry U.S.V.,
698 Capt. H. Bingham,
706 returned to the factory for repair by John W. Brown, agent, Columbus, Ohio,
771 Capt. J.A. Smith 7 Co. E / 7th Ill. Inf.,
976 A. W. Morris, D Company, 16th Ill. Vet. Vol. Infantry, 1st Brigade,
2nd Division, 14th Army Corps.,
1006 Maj. T.J. Swna /Surg. 12th Ky. Cav.,
1008 Sergant W. J. Jackson, 65th Ind. Vol. Co. A.,
1057 reported by gfklein@gmail.com
1116 Daniel McCook, paymaster U.S. Vols. KIA,
1187 H.C. Stout, 65th Ind. Vo.. Inf.,
1216 used by J. Spangenberg, B Company, 3rd Regiment U.S.V.,
1225 A.C. Osborn,
1228 Pres. by Wells Fargo & Co. to Stephen Venard,
1302 Maj. G.L. Febiger to T.R. Biggs,
1348 Capt. A. L. Fahnestock,
1398 inscribed Louis Quinius / Co. B. W.S.S 66th Ill. Inf.,
1434 Wilber F. Lunt G Company, ist Maine Cavalry,
1534 S. Wright, Kw,
1606 Milo N. damon / Do. A. W.S.S. 66th Ill. Inf.,
1614 George W. Yweington, Co. D. 66th Ill.,
1639 Asahel Horton, Western Sharp Shooters, 14th Missouri Infantry and 66th Illinois Infantry,
1672 Enos W. Tyler / Do. B. W.S.S, 66th Ill. Inf.,
1692 C. Parish, Co. F. 66th Ill. 2d. rig. 4th A.C.,
1763 Col Dudley William Jones, 9th Texas Cavalry,
1950 Captured by Lt. Col. George A. Martin, 38th Va. Inf.,
1978 Pres to Capt. J.H. Burton, 1st Conn. H. Arty by O.F. Winchester,
2045 James E. Ramsey, Co. B. 40th Regt. Ind. Vols.,
2194 Reported as captured from Indians in 1879,
2274 Pvt. Hiram S. Vinson, Co. K. 66th Ill,
2287 David Padgett Co. K. 66th Ill. W.S.S.,
2293 John Fox, C Company, 58th Indiana Infantry, >
2347 John F. Philips, C Company, 58th Indiana Infantry,
2352 A.C. Holmes,
2378 Major General James G. BLunt,
2514 Levi Brown. Co. E. 13th Mich. V.V.,
2523 J.W. VanBrocklin Co. D. 66th Ill. Western Sharpshooters,
2545 Pvt. William P. Beesley, Co. 1, 66th Ill W.S.S.,
2575 Lorenzo Baker, D Company, 66th Illinois Infantry,
2582 Lucius P. Tallman, Western Sharp Shooter, 66th Illinois Infantry,
2637 Pvt.Daniel W. Litherland, Co. I. 66th Ill. W.S.S.,
2639 Chas Webster, D Company W.S.S. Vet. V,
2688 Thomas E. Gleason, Co. D. W.S.S.2w1,
2710 Marked Captured at Goodrich's Landing Oct 1864 IGS and GMS with date 1868,
2724 Marked A.G. Rolf Co.D 23rd Ill. Inf. (Andis G. Rol fo Somonauk, Illinois),
2729 reported as carried by High Backed WOlf, Cheyenne warrior
K.I.A. Platte Brigde, Oregon Trail in 1865,
2779 John Cowens, D Company, 23rd Illinois Infantry,
2797 Associated with Co. F 97th Ill. inf.,
2857 Henry V. Hoagland, Co. F. 7th Ill. Vet. Vol. Inf.,
2900 J.M. Bodge. Co. H. 66th Ill W.S.S. Vet. Vols.,
2909 J.A. McClure Co, D, 57th Regt, Ind, V.V.,
3117 Associated with Co. K. 7th Ill. Inf.,
3183 J.K. Watson, 64zh Ill. Co. G.
3233 Associated with Co. F. 97th Ill. Inf.,
3237 Associated with Co. F. 97th Ill. Inf.,
3261 R. H. Bates, Co. A. 29th Texas Cav. CSA,
3315 Lockwood Sanford,
3347 Associated with Co. F. 97th Ill. Inf.,
3406 J.C. Miller. U.S. Arsenal,
3469 Pres. to Private David Reed by the U.S. Government,
3509 Associated with Co. F. 97th Ill. Inf.,
3532 Associated with Co. F. 97th Ill. Inf.,
3930 Bangor, Maine, Pvt. S.A. Holway Co. H. 1st Dist. Col. Cav.,
4140 J.D. Orcutt, Co. A. 7th Ill. V.V.I.,
4178 marked G. Burkhardt, Co. H. 7th Ill. Voll. In.,
4228 Associated with Co. I. 73rd Ill. inf.,
4392 C.M. Baker, Co. E. 36th Ill.,
4434 Michael G. Buzard
4494 Nickolas Ham. Co. F. 64th Ill. Vet. Vol.,
4615 Lt. D.M. Freman, Missouri Vol. Militia,
4658 Sgt. E.A. Moore, Co. E. 10th Ill. V.V. Inf.,
4811 reported by gfklein@gmail.com
4975 reported by gfklein@gmail.com
4983 Pres. to Lt. William J. Creasey,
5095 S.W. Vestal, Wilmington Ohio,
5218 Col. Eli Long, 4th Ohio Cavalry,
5594 Marvin D. Bowin, 39th Ill. Vet.,
5952 capt. James W. Wilson, Co. B, 12th Kentucky Cav.,
6039 John L. Batchelder from Henry A. Morse,
6083 Henry Parkhurst,
6248 De Leuw, 7th Ill Inf.,
6400 Captain Hymand, D Company, 115th Illinois Volunteers,
6639 Inscribed to soldier in 115th Ill.,
6699 Walter Passavent, Pittsburg, Penna.,
6854 Durbin to Shaler,
7136 Sitting Bull from the President of the U.S.,
7169 Capt. Edward J. Merrill by the Board of the U.S.,
7225 G.W. Fulton,
7343 F.D. Pease, Bloomfield, Ind.,
7365 J. Spangenberg, Co. B. 3rd Regt. U.S.V.V.,
7493 John Anderson, Co. H. 3rd Regt. U.S.V.V.,
7535 D. Bolton,
7582 Private Jacob Werle, Co. B. 3rd Regt. U.S.V.V.,
7733 J.M. Leader, Co. E. 3rd Regt. 1st A.C.,
8051 Frank W. Meese,
8291 used by Louis Quinius, B Company, 66th Wisconsin Infantry,
8622 T. Pfeifer, Co. B. 3rd Regt. 1st AC. U.S.V.V and on the left frame marked
Amos F. Moore, Palo. Ill,
8816 used by Matthew Brady, this is an engraved one,
8850 marked Genl. McCook and KING KALAKAU'S FAVORITE RIFLE TO
PRINCESS KAWANANAKOA FROM COL. JERRY BRANT ,
8862 captured from indinan in 1879,
8909 with Japanese characters, sold in 1868 to Emperor Meijo by Paul Barnett,
8929 Abraham Miller, Jr.,
8972 captured from Indians in 1879,
9193 George W. Petit, 3rd Regt 1sr A.C. Veterans,
9223 marked Arch McAlister Co. E. 2nd Regt, P.R.V.C.,
10169 Jacob Rideout, Contention, Arizona Territory
10547 which belonged to O.F. Winchester
11516 Purportedly (by R. L. Wilson) belonging to General Andres Avelino Carerers,
Head of the Pacific War and later President of Peru
11745 reported by gfklein@gmail.com
Civil War seen rifles are number
2797 Co. F. 97th Indiana
3117 Co. K. 7th Illinois Vols
3208 (1st District of Columbia Cavalry Regiment) More than 200 Henry rifles were lost by the
1st D.C. Cavalry during engagements with Confederate Cavalry. These rifles were re-issued
to 7th, 11th and 35th Virginia Cavalry. Some of the former 1st D.C. Cavalry rifles
subsequently issued to the escort assigned to Confederate President Jefferson Davis when he
fled Richmond in April 1865
3233 Co. F. 97th Indiana
3347 Co. F. 97th Indiana
3509 Co. F. 97th Indiana
3532 Co. F. 97th Indiana
4228 Co. I. 73 Illinois Vols
4392 Co. E. 36th Illinois Vols
8622 T. Pfeifer, Co. B, 3rd Ret. U.S. Vet. Vol. Inf.
By end of the Civil War in 1865 the B, C, I, H and K companies of the
3rd Regiment U.S. Vet. Vol reported 348 Henry's which are:
It is supposed that the rifles no 1392 to 3573 were purchased for the 1st D.C. Cavalry in 1863 and
were supplied by John W. Brown. Guns 2826 to 3956 are believed to be the March 1864 supplemental
purchases for the same cavalry unit. Guns no. 1392 to 3956 were later turned into the arsenal and
issued to the 3rd U.S. Veteran Volunteers in 1865 for which 800 further Henry's where bought in the
3000 to 4000 serial number range.
Probably the first listing of serial numbers is not really correct. Here an other estimation of
Henry Rifle production. However, for the very first Henry's no serial number record survived.
Year
number
1862 April to June
300
1862 July
301 - 425
1862 August
426 - 550
1862 September
551 - 700
1862 October
701 - 900
1862 November
901 - 1100
1862 December
1101 - 1300
1863 January
1301 - 1500
1863 February
1501 - 1700
1863 March
1701 - 1900
1863 April
1901 - 2100
td> 1863 May
2101 - 2300
1863 June
2301 - 2500
1863 July
2501 - 2700
1863 August
2701 - 2900
1863 September
2901 - 3100
1863 Ocotber
3101 - 3300
1863 November
3301 - 3525
1863 December
3526 - 3775
1864 January
3775 - 4025
1864 February
4025 - 4300
1864 March
4301 - 4575
1864 April
4576 - 4875
1864 May
4876 - 5175
1864 June
5176 - 5475
1864 July
5476 - 5775
1864 August
5776 - 6075
1864 September
6076 - 6400
1864 October
6401 - 6725
1864 November
6726 - 7075
1864 December
7076 - 7425
1865 January
7426 - 7775
1865 February
7776 - 8125
1865 March
8126 - 8500
1865 April
8501 - 8925
1865 May
8926 - 9400
1865 June
9401 - 9800
1865 July
9801 - 10200
1865 August
10201 - 10400
1865 September
10401 - 10550
1865 October
10551 - 10700
1865 November
10701 - 10800
1865 December
10801 - 10900
1866 January to summer 1867 (end of regualar production)
approcimately 110/month, about 2.000 produced to serial number 12832
Henry rifles have been reported with higher serial number and highest was 14262 but
most probably manufactured only on demand.
It is said, that 200 iron fram Henry's were made within the first 1300 Henry's.
U.S. Government Purchases
April 9, 1863
1 sold by Merwin & Bray, New York
June 19, 1863
50, out of the serial number range 1300 to 2100, sold by John W. Brown for the 1st D.C. Cavalry
June 20, 1863
80, out of the serial number range 2100 to 2300, sold by the New Haven Arms Co.
for the 1st D.C. Cavalry
July 21, 1863
110, out of the serial number range 2300 to 2600
September 19, 1863
1 for trial, sold by New Haven Arms Co.
October 26, 1863
60, out of serial number range 1300 to 3000, sold by John W. Brown for 1st D.C. Cavalry
December 30, 1863 and shipped March 9, 1864
800, out of serial number range 3000 to 4000, sold by New Haven Arms Co., bear
inspector marks C.G.C.
June 17, 1864
1 for trial, sold by New Haven Arms Co.
July 17, 1864, shiupped April 19, 1865
500, out of serial number range 7000 to 8000 (very few in 6800), sold by
New Haven Arms Co., for the 3rd U.S. Veteran Vol. Infantry
May 16, 1865, Shipped May 23, 1865
127, out of serial number range 8400 to 9400, sold by New Havan Arms Co.,
for 3rd U.S. Veteran Vol. Infantry
July 11, 1865
1, sold by New Havan Arms Co., supposed to ba a test carbine
Government purchase was 1,731 carbines and the higest known serial number is 9701
There was a Bavarian Contract for the King of Bavaria in Germany. Only 500 were made
in the Dwight, Chapin & Company Armory in Bridgeport Connecticut. Their magazin was altered
by George W. Briggs. Thes guns have German proof marks. At least one has German and
English proof marks. Some of them are fitted with covers having a small internal lug,
which is briefly engaged by the cartridge follower during its rearward travel after
the cover has been unlocked and causes the cover to be automatically closed.
These Bavarian Henry's were made with the open slot cut in the magazine tube.